Interactive Science (Second Edition) 1B
Workbook Solutions
|
|
Chapter 6 MATTER
AS PARTICLES
Sectional Exercise
Section
6.1
A. Concept checking p.57
1.
False
2.
False
3.
False
4.
True
5.
False
B. Fill in the blanks p.57
1. (a) space
(b) mass
2. (a) liquid
(b) gas
3. (a) Melting
(b) unchanged
4. boiling
5. condensation
C. Questions p.58
1. boiling
2. condensation
3. melting
4. condensation
5. freezing
6. evaporation
Section 6.2
A. Concept checking p.59
1. False
2. False
3. True
4. True
5. False
6. True
7. True
8. False
B. Question p.59
(a) The pollen
grains move randomly in zigzag paths.
(b)
(c) (i) Water particles
(ii) pollen grain
(iii) random
(iv) zigzag
(d) Brownian
motion
Section 6.3
A. Concept checking p.60
1. True
2. False
3. False
4. False
5. True
B. Multiple
choice p.60
1. A
2. C
3. A
C. Fill in the blanks p.61
1. (a) closely
(b) regularly
(c) vibrate
(d) solid
2. (a) irregularly
(b) move
(c) liquid
3. (a) far
(b) quickly
(c) gas
Section 6.4
A. Concept checking p.62
1. False
2. True
3. True
4. True
B. Multiple choice p.62
1. B
2. C
3. D
4. A
C. Fill in the
blanks p.63
1. Bourdon
gauge
2. pascal /
kilopascal
3. increases
4. collapses
D. Question p.63
(a) The balloon
inflates.
(b) The number of air particles
inside the jar (increases / decreases).
Air particles hit the outer
surface of the balloon (more / less) often than hitting the inner
surface.
The gas pressure inside the
balloon is (greater / smaller) than that outside the balloon.
The balloon (inflates
/ deflates).
Section 6.5
A. Concept
checking p.64
1. True
2. False
3. True
4. True
5. False
6. True
B. Question p.64
(a)
|
Object
|
Mass (g)
|
Volume (cm3)
|
Density (g/cm3)
|
|
wood
|
12
|
16
|
0.75
|
|
plastic box
|
34.2
|
60
|
0.57
|
|
stone
|
21
|
8.4
|
2.5
|
|
ice
|
7.4
|
8
|
0.93
|
|
mercury
|
245
|
18
|
13.6
|
(b) Pour some water into a 100 cm 3 measuring cylinder and
record its volume (V1). Tie a piece of thread to the stone.
Lower the stone into the measuring cylinder and record the new volume (V2).
Calculate the volume of the stone by subtracting V1 from V2.
(c) Overall density
of the two objects = (34.2 + 21) g / 60 cm 3 = 0.92 g /cm3
Since the overall density of
the stone and the plastic box is lower than that of water, the box will not
sink.
Section 6.6
A. Concept
checking p.65
1. True
2. True
3. False
4. True
5. False
6. True
B. Fill in the
banks p.65
(a) expands
(b) decreases
(c) smaller
Integrated
Exercise
A. Concept checking p.66
1. False
2. False
3. False
4. True
5. True
6. True
7. True
8. True
9. False
10. False
11. False
12. False
B. Multiple choice p.66
1. C
2. C
3. B
4. D
5. B
6. A
7. B
8. B
9. D
10. D
11. A
12. C
C. Questions p.70
1. (a) To set the small beads into motion.
(b) The beads represent particles of matter.
(c) It simulates a gas / the gas state because
the beads are far apart from each other and they can move quickly in all
directions.
(d) No. If the vibrator is turned off, the beads
will stop moving. On the contrary, the particles of a solid vibrate about their
fixed positions.
2. (a) (i) 10 g
(ii) 5
cm 3
(iii) 10 g ÷ 5 cm 3
= 2 g /cm3
(b) (i) The density of cork is lower than that of
water. The cork floats on water. Therefore, he cannot use the same method to
find its volume.
(ii) First, weigh the cork. Then tie it to the
stone and measure their total volume. The volume of the cork can then be found
by subtracting the volume of the stone from the total volume. Finally,
calculate the density of the cork using the formula:
density = mass ÷ volume. (Or other reasonable answers)
density = mass ÷ volume. (Or other reasonable answers)
3. (a) Since the glass wall was thick, heat energy
could not pass from the inner part to the outer part of the wall very quickly.
The inner part was much hotter and expanded more than the outer part. The
uneven expansion of the wall made it crack.
(b) Yes. If a thin-walled glass was used, heat
energy could pass from the inner part to the outer part of the wall more
quickly. Uneven expansion would not occur.
(c) A metal cup (or other reasonable answers)
4. (a) (i) The
bimetallic strip is made up of two different layers of metals .
Upon
heating, the strip bends because one metal expands more than the other.
(ii) Used in a thermostat (or other
reasonable answers)
(b) To allow for contraction of cables
during winter.
(c) When we press a rubber sucker against a
smooth wall, the air particles between the sucker and the wall is forced
out. The gas pressure inside the rubber sucker is lower than that
outside. The great atmospheric pressure outside presses the sucker against
the wall .
(d) To allow for expansion of concrete
sections during summer.
5. (a) Bubble E, bubble D, bubble
C, bubble B, bubble A
(b) By attaching metal tags of different masses
to different bubbles, the total mass of each bubble is changed. Hence the
overall density of each bubble is changed.
(c) (i) The
density of the liquid will increase.
(ii) Glass bubble D will rise
because its density is lower than the density of the liquid around it.
(d) All the bubbles will sink.
Quick
Review
1. Particle models and the three states of
matter p.74
(a) vibrate
(b) closely
(c) slide
(d) far apart
from
(e) freely
(f) evaporation
(g) freezing
(h) condensation
(i) with
(j) with
(k) cannot
(l) without
(m) with
(n) cannot
(o) without
(p) without
(q) can
2. Density p.74
(a) (i) floats on
(ii) lower
(b) (i) sinks in
(ii) higher
(c) (i) floats on
(ii) iron
(iii) air
3. Gas pressure p.75
(a) atmospheric
(b) (i) more
(ii) wall
(iii) gas
(iv) atmospheric
(v) larger
4. Particle theory and thermal expansion /
contraction p.75
(a) particles
(b) tiny
(c) moving
(d) spaces
(e) faster
(f) farther
apart
(g) increases
(h) expands
(i) slower
(j) closer
together
(k) decreases
(l) contracts
STSE Article Reading p.76
(a) (i) When a gas is heated, its particles have
more energy. They move faster and the space between them becomes larger. Hence,
the gas expands.
(ii) From (i), for the same mass of warm air and
cool air, the volume of warm air is greater. Therefore, the density of warm air
is lower than that of cool air. Warm air rises as a result.
(b) 60 kg × (600 m3 ÷ 200 m3 ) = 180 kg
(c) · Increase the volume of the air inside the
balloon.
· Increase the temperature of the air inside
the balloon.
Little
Einstein’s Corner
1. (a) · It is denser than air / oxygen, so it
displaces the air surrounding the burning object.
· It is
non-flammable.
(b) To
store a larger amount of carbon dioxide inside the fire extinguisher. /
To supply a sufficient amount of carborn dioxide gas to put out a fire. (Any one)
To supply a sufficient amount of carborn dioxide gas to put out a fire. (Any one)
(c) It
is much greater that the atmospheric pressure. We know this because when the
nozzle is opened, the carbon dioxide inside the extinguisher is pushed out.
(d) The
carbon dioxide changes from a liquid to a gas when it is expelled. This change
of state requires energy, which is absorbed from the surrounding air.
Consequently, the surrounding air is cooled down.
2. (a) Coin,
honey, water, wooden block, oil, straw
(b) (i)
(ii) She can add some salt into the beaker. (Or other reasonable
answers)
(iii) The salt dissolves in the water and increases the density of the
second layer. As the density of the second layer slowly increases and becomes
the same as that of the egg, the egg will rise slowly to the middle part of the
second layer. (Or other reasonable answers)
No comments:
Post a Comment